Probabilistically Safe and Efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learning

Reference

F. Airaldi, B. De Schutter, and A. Dabiri, "Probabilistically safe and efficient model-based reinforcement learning," Proceedings of the 64th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 5853-5860, Dec. 2025.

Abstract

This paper proposes tackling safety-critical stochastic Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks with a sample-based, model-based approach. At the core of the method lies a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme that acts as function approximation, providing a model-based predictive control policy. To ensure safety, a probabilistic Control Barrier Function (CBF) is integrated into the MPC controller. To approximate the effects of stochasticies in the optimal control formulation and to fulfil the probabilistic CBF condition, a sample-based approach with guarantees is employed. Furthermore, to counterbalance the additional computational burden due to sampling, a learnable terminal cost formulation is included in the MPC objective. An RL algorithm is deployed to learn both the terminal cost and the CBF constraint. Results from a numerical experiment on a constrained LTI problem corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in reducing computation time while preserving control performance and safety.

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BibTeX

@inproceedings{AirDeS:25-019,
   author    = {Airaldi, Filippo and De Schutter, Bart and Dabiri, Azita},
   title     = {Probabilistically Safe and Efficient Model-Based Reinforcement
                Learning},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 64th IEEE Conference on Decision and
                Control},
   address   = {Rio de Janeiro, Brazil},
   pages     = {5853--5860},
   month     = dec,
   year      = {2025}
   }


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